U.S. Murder
This list of nations
represents literally millions of human beings all over the world who have been brutally
murdered directly by the United States government/military or by its obediant proxies.
Huge though the list is, there is yet more to add. It does, however, contain the most
well-known campaigns of American state terrorism, genocide and subversion all of
which are in the historical record for the whole world to see. But God only knows what
evil the U.S. government and military have committed that remains hidden.
And as long as the United States remains a military power the list of state terror victims
will keep growing.
1948 Present
American/Israeli State Terrorism of the Palestinian People
Estimated civilian deaths: 100,000 Palestinian people
From the very beginning of the State of Israel in 1948 the Israelis have committed
mass-murder and terrorization of the Palestinian people. In addition, Israelis torture
Palestinian prisoners in jail on a routine basis. And almost all of it has been kept
hidden by the mainstream American mass-media for 53 years.
In 1982 after the Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Israeli racist Ariel Sharon was the primary
authority behind the massacres at the Shatilla and Sabra refugee camps in which over 1000
helpless Palestinian women, children and civilian men were murdered in cold blood.
The United States government pours billions of your tax dollars into Israel every year.
And the U.S. government never pays people to do things it doesn't want done. Israeli state
terrorism is essentially American state terrorism.
1960s Present
American Support for Colombian State Terrorism of the Colombian People
Estimated civilian deaths: over 67,000 people
Under the guise of aid for "counternarcotics" operations, the U.S. Corporate
Mafia Government is supplying weapons, training, troops and $1.3 billion to its
apprentices in the Colombian military. The real purpose of all this aid is to support the
government's massive political oppression of the Colombian people. It's Vietnam all over
again.
Colombia is the most violent country in the world. The vast majority of the terror is
committed by the U.S.-supported military and right-wing paramilitary forces who are
heavily involved in cocaine production and smuggling. They have tortured and murdered tens
of thousands of people in trade unions and left-wing movements, including many human
rights activists and grassroots organizers.
See also:
U.S. Terrorism of the Central American, South American and Caribbean Peoples
1991 Present
American/British State Terrorism of the Iraqi People
Estimated total civilian deaths: at least 200,000 people directly from the 1991 terror
campaign;
1,000,000 2,000,000 people since then from the combined effects of depleted uranium
poisoning, polluted water and sanctions
Like the terrorization of the entire civilian population of Yugoslavia, the so-called Gulf
"War" was in fact a cowardly, high-tech slaughter, a total mismatch of military
power. 177 million pounds of bombs were dropped on the people of Iraq in the most
concentrated aerial bombardment in the history of the world. Sadistic American forces even
slaughtered retreating Iraqi soldiers as they tried to flee along a highway back to Iraq.
And as with Yugoslavia, the "Desert Storm" terror campaign was directed
primarily against the civilian population, a genocidal six-week assault on all the
civilian people and infrastructure of Iraq. Particularly targeted were every grain silo
and public water-treatment plant in the country. The assault included the most extensive
use in history of depleted uranium missiles, and the most intensive use of cluster bombs,
fuel-air bombs, napalm, cruise missiles and so-called "smart bombs."
The Dutch Laka Foundation estimates that this particular U.S. terror campaign left behind
300-800 tons of radioactive waste from the depleted uranium ammunition all over Kuwait and
Iraq poisoning the air, the land, the water and the people everywhere.
Afterwards, wherever the depleted uranium firing had been concentrated, there were cancer
epidemics among Iraqi civilians living nearby. In the ten years since, sanctions,
bacteria-laden water and depleted uranium together have killed somewhere between 1,000,000
and 2,000,000 Iraqi civilians. Most of the victims were, and are, children.
Since the American terror campaign, thousands of Iraqi babies have been born with horrible
birth defects. This is something that has never before been seen in Iraq.
More than 120,000 American Gulf War veterans are chronically ill suffering from
Gulf War Syndrome. A U.S. Department of Veterans study of 251 veteran's families found
that 67% had children with severe illnesses or birth defects.
Even the United Nations estimates that over one million Iraqi civilians, including 600,000
children below the age of five have died as a result of diseases from polluted water
and the American sanctions which deny them the needed medicines.
1992 Present
American/NATO State Terrorism of the Yugoslavian People
Estimated civilian deaths: over 3000 people from the 1999 terror-bombing
Weapons of mass-destruction used by U.S.-dominated NATO forces included cluster bombs,
depleted uranium missiles, fuel-air bombs, napalm, cruise missiles and other so-called
"smart bombs."
250,000 people were killed during the U.S./German-sponsored civil war in Bosnia, 1992-1995
and Krajina, 1995.
Estimated civilian injuries: 9000+ people from the 1999 American terror campaign alone.
Many people, including children, dismembered and crippled for life by cluster bombs.
In addition, over 1 million people who now live in Serbia-Yugoslavia are refugees from
Krajina, Bosnia and Kosovo victims of the U.S./German-sponsored terror campaigns of
the 1990s.
For 78 days and nights in the Spring of 1999, United States Air Force and Navy pilots
rained death indiscriminately upon women and children, old men and women shopping in
marketplaces, passengers in trains, people in cars and buses, people in schools, patients
in hospitals anyone and everyone everywhere in Yugoslavia.
The American terror campaign actually began in 1992 with the American/German sponsored
subversion and breakup of Yugoslavia and subsequent civil war in Bosnia. It continued with
the "ethnic cleansing" of approximately 300,000 to 500,000 Serbians from the
Krajina region in 1995. Thousands of Serbian refugees were murdered as they tried to flee
the sadistic, gratuitous bombing by the American-backed Croatian forces. American
terrorism peaked with the bombing of the entire civilian population and infrastructure of
Yugoslavia in 1999. It has continued to this day with the brutal occupation of Kosovo.
NATO/KFOR occupation troops have stood idly by, watching sympathetically as Albanian
extremists kidnapped, publicly beat, murdered and tortured Serbs, Roma and Jews, burning
down their houses and dynamiting centuries-old Christian churches. Over 200,000
non-Albanians were "ethnically cleansed" from Kosovo with America's total
blessing.
As if this weren't appalling enough, a massive sex-slave trade of Eastern European women
and girls has flourished in Kosovo since the American/NATO occupation began. The women and
girls are often beaten, they are forced to live in poverty and filth, they are raped many
times every day, and many are murdered. The pimps are all Albanian KLA/mafia with a
reputation for brutal violence. The customers are American/NATO occupation troops
(ludicrously called "peacekeepers" by the corporate-owned mass-media) and
so-called "international peace workers."
Ah yes, "humanitarianism" and "democracy." Isn't that what America is
all about?
1960 Present
American Assassination of Patrice Lumumba and Backing of State Terrorism of the People of
The Congo/Zaire
In June 1960, Patrice Lumumba became the Congo's first prime minister after independence
from Belgium. But Belgium retained its vast mineral wealth in Katanga province, prominent
Eisenhower administration officials had financial ties to the same wealth, and Lumumba, at
Independence Day ceremonies before a host of foreign dignitaries, called for the nation's
economic as well as its political liberation, and recounted a list of injustices against
the natives by the white owners of the country. The man was obviously a
"Communist." The poor man was obviously doomed.
Eleven days later, Katanga province seceded, in September, Lumumba was dismissed by the
president at the instigation of the United States, and in January 1961 he was assassinated
at the express request of [President] Dwight Eisenhower. There followed several years of
civil conflict and chaos and the rise to power of Mobutu Sese Seko, a man not a stranger
to the CIA. Mobutu went on to rule the country for more than 30 years, with a level of
corruption and cruelty that shocked even his CIA handlers. The Zairian people lived in
abject poverty despite the plentiful natural wealth, while Mobutu became a
multibillionaire.
1959 Present
American Subversion and State Terrorism of the Cuban People
Fidel Castro came to power at the beginning of 1959. A U.S. National Security Council
meeting of March 10, 1959 included on its agenda the feasibility of bringing "another
government to power in Cuba." There followed 40 years of terrorist attacks, bombings,
full-scale military invasion, sanctions, embargoes, isolation, assassinations...Cuba had
carried out The Unforgivable Revolution, a very serious threat of setting a "good
example" in Latin America.
The saddest part of this is that the world will never know what kind of society Cuba could
have produced if left alone, if not constantly under the gun and the threat of invasion,
if allowed to relax its control at home. The idealism, the vision, the talent were all
there. But we'll never know. And that of course was the idea.
1953 Present
American-backed Genocide of the Guatemalan People
Estimated civilian deaths: over 200,000 people
A CIA-organized coup overthrew the democratically-elected and progressive government of
Jacobo Arbenz, initiating 40 years of military-government death squads, torture,
disappearances, mass executions and unimaginable cruelty, totaling more than 200,000
victims indisputably one of the most inhumane chapters of the 20th century.
The justification for the coup that has been put forth over the years is that Guatemala
had been on the verge of the proverbial Soviet takeover. In actuality, the Russians had so
little interest in the country that it didn't even maintain diplomatic relations. The real
problem was that Arbenz had taken over some of the uncultivated land of the US firm,
United Fruit Company [Chiquita bananas], which had extremely close ties to the American
power elite.
Moreover, in the eyes of Washington, there was the danger of Guatemala's social-democracy
model spreading to other countries in Latin America.
Despite a 1996 "peace" accord between the government and rebels, respect for
human rights remains as only a concept in Guatemala; death squads continue to operate with
a significant measure of impunity against union activists and other dissidents; torture
still rears its ugly head; the lower classes are as wretched as ever; the military endures
as a formidable institution; the US continues to arm and train the Guatemalan military and
carry out exercises with it; and key provisions of the peace accord concerning military
reform have not been carried out.
1980 Present
American Terrorism of the El Salvadoran People
Estimated civilian deaths: over 75,000 people
Massive amounts of arms, training and funding were poured into El Salvador to prop up the
puppet government against a popular uprising. Featured the covert use of U.S. air power
and ground forces, as well as the training, at the "School of the Americas" [in
Ft. Benning, Georgia], of the leaders of the right-wing death squads which executed
thousands of Salvadorans.
Some of the highlights of the death squad activities included the assassination of
Archbishop Oscar Romero, the execution of six Jesuit priests along with their housekeeper
and her daughter, the rape and execution of four American church women, and the mass
execution of some 800 civilians at the village of El Mozote.
El Salvador's dissidents tried to work within the system. But with U.S. support, the
government made that impossible, using repeated electoral fraud and murdering hundreds of
protesters and strikers. In 1980, the dissidents took to the gun, and civil war.
Officially, the U.S. military presence in El Salvador was limited to an advisory capacity.
In actuality, military and CIA personnel played a more active role on a continuous basis.
About 20 Americans were killed or wounded in helicopter and plane crashes while flying
reconnaissance or other missions over combat areas, and considerable evidence surfaced of
a U.S. role in the ground fighting as well. The war came to an official end in 1992;
75,000 civilian deaths and the U.S. Treasury depleted by six billion dollars.
Meaningful social change has been largely thwarted. A handful of the wealthy still own the
country, the poor remain as ever, and dissidents still have to fear right-wing death
squads.
1975 1999
American-backed Genocide of the People of East Timor
Estimated civilian deaths: over 200,000 people
In December 1975, Indonesia invaded East Timor, which lies at the eastern end of the
Indonesian archipelago, and which had proclaimed its independence after Portugal had
relinquished control of it. The invasion was launched the day after U.S. President Gerald
Ford and Secretary of State Henry Kissinger had left Indonesia after giving Suharto
permission to use American arms, which, under U.S. law, could not be used for aggression.
Indonesia was Washington's most valuable tool in Southeast Asia.
Amnesty International estimated that by 1989, Indonesian troops, with the aim of forcibly
annexing East Timor, had killed 200,000 people out of a population of between 600,000 and
700,000. The United States consistently supported Indonesia's claim to East Timor (unlike
the UN and the EU), and downplayed the slaughter to a remarkable degree, at the same time
supplying Indonesia with all the military hardware and training it needed to carry out the
job.
The U.S.-backed government of Indonesia invaded East Timor just one day after a visit by
President Gerald Ford and Henry Kissinger. As many as a third of the tiny island's
population were exterminated using American supplied weaponry.
The Indonesian government, kept propped up with U.S. taxpayers' money, continues to this
day to be one of the worst human rights abusers on the planet.
1987 1994
American-supported State Terrorism of the Haitian People
The U.S. supported the Duvalier family dictatorship for 30 years, then opposed the
reformist priest, Jean-Bertrand Aristide. Meanwhile, the CIA was working intimately with
death squads, torturers, and drug traffickers.
With this as background, the Clinton White House found itself in the awkward position of
having to pretend because of all their rhetoric about "democracy"
that they supported Aristide's return to power in Haiti after he had been ousted in a 1991
military coup. After delaying his return for more than two years, Washington finally had
its military restore Aristide to office, but only after obliging the priest to guarantee
that he would not help the poor at the expense of the rich, and that he would stick
closely to free-market economics. This meant that Haiti would continue to be the assembly
plant of the Western Hemisphere, with its workers receiving literally starvation wages.
1993
American Slaughter of People in Somalia
It was supposed to be a mission to help feed the starving masses. Before long, the U.S.
was trying to rearrange the country's political map by eliminating the dominant warlord,
Mohamed Aidid, and his power base. On many occasions, beginning in June, U.S. helicopters
strafed groups of Aidid's supporters and fired missiles at them. Scores were killed. Then,
in October, a daring attempt by some 120 elite American forces to kidnap two leaders of
Aidid's clan resulted in a horrendous bloody battle. The final tally was five U.S.
helicopters shot down, 18 Americans dead, 73 wounded, 500 to 1000 Somalians killed, many
more injured.
It's questionable that getting food to hungry people was as important as the fact that
four American oil giants were holding exploratory rights to large areas of land and were
hoping that U.S. troops would put an end to the chaos which threatened their highly
expensive investments. There was also the Pentagon's ongoing need to sell itself to those
in Congress who were trying to cut the military budget in the post-Cold War world.
"Humanitarian" actions and (unnecessary) amphibious landings by U.S. Marines on
the beach in the glare of T.V. cameras were thought to be good selling points. Washington
designed the operation in such a way that the show would be run by the U.S. military and
not the United Nations, under whose aegis it supposedly fell.
In any event, by the time the Marines landed, the worst of the famine was over. It had
peaked months before.
1979 1992
American Subversion in Afghanistan
Estimated civilian deaths: over 1,000,000 people
Everyone knows of the unbelievable repression of women in Afghanistan, carried out by
Islamic fundamentalists, even before the Taliban. But how many people know that during the
late 1970s and most of the 1980s, Afghanistan had a government committed to bringing the
incredibly backward nation into the 20th century, including giving women equal rights?
What happened, however, is that the United States poured billions of dollars into waging a
terrible war against this government, simply because it was supported by the Soviet Union.
Prior to this, CIA operations had knowingly increased the probability of a Soviet
intervention, which is what occurred. In the end, the United States won, and the women,
and the rest of Afghanistan, lost. More than a million dead, three million disabled, five
million refugees, in total about half the population.
1981 1990
American Terrorism of the Nicaraguan People
Estimated civilian deaths: over 13,000 people
Following the fall of the Somoza regime, which had been backed for decades by the U.S.,
the CIA formed and armed the covert army known as the "Contras" from the remains
of Somoza's National Guard. Assisted by covert U.S. air power, this proxy army inflicted
considerable death and destruction across the Nicaraguan countryside.
When the Sandinistas overthrew the Somoza dictatorship in 1978, it was clear to Washington
that they might well be that long-dreaded beast "another Cuba." Under
President Carter, attempts to sabotage the revolution took diplomatic and economic forms.
Under Reagan, violence was the method of choice. For eight terribly long years, the people
of Nicaragua were under attack by Washington's proxy army, the Contras, formed from
Somoza's vicious National Guard and other supporters of the dictator.
It was all-out war, aiming to destroy the progressive social and economic programs of the
government, burning down schools and medical clinics, raping, torturing, mining harbors,
bombing and strafing. These were Ronald Reagan's "freedom fighters." There would
be no revolution in Nicaragua.
From a talk by John Stockwell, 13-year veteran of the CIA and former U.S. Marine Corps
major:
"Systematically, the Contras have been assassinating religious workers, teachers,
health workers, elected officials, government administrators. Remember the 'Assassination
Manual' that surfaced in 1984? It caused such a stir that President Reagan had to address
it himself in the presidential debates with Walter Mondale. They use terror to traumatize
society so that it cannot function.
"I don't mean to abuse you with verbal violence, but you have to understand what your
Government and its agents are doing.
"They go into villages. They haul out families. With the children forced to watch,
they castrate the father. They peel the skin off his face. They put a grenade in his
mouth, and pull the pin. With the children forced to watch, they gang-rape the mother, and
slash her breasts off. And sometimes, for variety, they make the parents watch while they
do these things to the children.
"This is nobody's propaganda!
"There have been over a hundred thousand American "Witnesses for Peace"
who've gone down there, and they have filmed and photographed and witnessed these
atrocities immediately after they've happened, and documented thirteen thousand people
killed this way mostly women and children.
"These are the activities done by the Contras. The Contras are the people President
Reagan called 'freedom fighters.' He said: 'They are the moral equivalent of our founding
fathers.'"
1989
American Invasion of Panama
Estimated civilian deaths: several thousand people
Less than two weeks after the fall of the Berlin Wall, the United States showed its joy
that a new era of world peace was now possible by invading Panama, as Washington's mad
bombers struck again. On December 20, 1989, a large tenement barrio in Panama City was
wiped out; 15,000 people were left homeless. Counting several days of ground fighting
between U.S. and Panamanian forces, 500-something natives dead was the official body count
i.e., what the United States and the new U.S.-installed Panamanian government
admitted to. Other sources, examining more evidence, concluded that thousands had died.
Additionally, some 3,000 Panamanians were wounded, 23 Americans died, 324 were wounded.
Question from reporter: "Was it really worth it to send people to their death for
this? To get Noriega?"
George Bush: "Every human life is precious, and yet I have to answer, yes, it has
been worth it."
Manuel Noriega had been an American ally and informant for years until he outlived his
usefulness. But getting him was hardly a major motive for the attack. Bush wanted to send
a clear message to the people of Nicaragua, who had an election scheduled in two months,
that this might be their fate if they reelected the Sandinistas. Bush also wanted to flex
some military muscle to illustrate to Congress the need for a large combat-ready force
even after the very recent dissolution of the "Soviet threat." The official
explanation for the American ouster was Noriega's drug trafficking, which Washington had
known about for years and had not been at all bothered by. And they could easily have
gotten their hands on the man without wreaking such terrible devastation upon the
Panamanian people.
1981 1989
American Terror-Campaign Against the Libyan People;
Numerous CIA Assassination Attempts on Muammar Qadhafi
Estimated civilian deaths from the April 1986 attack: over 100 people, including Qadhafi's
two-year-old daughter
The official reason for the Reagan administration's intense antipathy toward Moammar
Qaddafi was that he supported terrorism. In actuality, the Libyan leader's crime was not
his support for terrorist groups per se, but that he was supporting the wrong terrorist
groups; i.e., Qaddafi was not supporting the same terrorists that Reagan was, such as the
Nicaraguan Contras, UNITA in Angola, Cuban exiles in Miami, the governments of El Salvador
and Guatemala and the U.S. military in Grenada. The one band of terrorists the two men
supported in common was the Moujahedeen in Afghanistan.
On top of this, Washington has a deep-seated antipathy toward Middle east oil-producing
countries that it can't exert proper control over. Qaddafi was uppity, and he had
overthrown a rich ruling clique and instituted a welfare state. He and his country would
have to be put in their place. Five years later, the United States bombed one of Qaddafi's
residences, killing scores of people. There were other attempts to assassinate the man,
operations to overthrow him, economic sanctions, and a major disinformation campaign
reporting one piece of nonsense after another, including conspicuous exaggerations of his
support for terrorism, and shifting the blame for the 1988 bombing of PanAm 103 to Libya
and away from Iran and Syria when the Gulf War campaign required the support of the latter
two countries.
To Washington, Libya was like magnetic north: the finger always pointed there.
On April 15, 1986, 19 warplanes of the U.S. Air Force took off from their bases in Great
Britain and flew to Libya, whereupon the F111 pilots bombed the private house of Muammar
Qadhafi and murdered his little two-year-old daughter.
At least 100 other people including civilian men, women and children were
slaughtered as the heroic U.S. Air Force pilots bombed private homes and mosques all over
Tripoli and Benghazi.
They actually managed to hit a military target too, the Al-Azizia barracks, which was
Qadhafi's headquarters. On April 16 the American pilots who perpetrated these war crimes
openly admitted that the purpose of the attack had been to assassinate Qadhafi.
For years prior to this outrage the U.S. Corporate Mafia Government had been trying to
murder the popular Libyan leader. Navy jets from the U.S. Sixth Fleet had repeatedly
violated Libyan airspace while Navy ships violated Libyan territorial waters in bullying
attempts to provoke a reaction.
The U.S. Navy shot down Libyan planes over Libyan territory, and sank Libyan Coast Guard
boats in Libyan territorial waters. Here are some of the highlights of this American
terror campaign:
In the summer of 1980 the CIA attempted to shoot down the plane of Qadhafi as he was on a
flight to Eastern Europe. An Italian plane flying over Ostika was mistakenly shot down
instead.
July 27, 1981 Newsweek published an article reporting that CIA Director William
Casey had authorized extensive plans to assassinate Qadhafi and overthrow the popular
democratic government of Libya. This classic American M.O. included a media propaganda
campaign and numerous "psy-ops", or psychological warfare operations, aimed at
creating turmoil within Libya.
August 19, 1981 Eight American jet fighters attacked two Libyan air force
reconnaissance planes over Libyan territory in the Gulf of Sirte, shooting them down.
1985 The CIA recruited mercenaries to be trained for several attempts to
assassinate Qadhafi. One of the plans called for sprinkling a special poison into his food
that would weaken his immune system, causing a gradual death with symptoms that would not
be immediately recognized.
March 25, 1986 U.S. Navy warplanes from the Sixth Fleet bombed Libyan civilian
targets in the Gulf of Sirte. They attacked a Libyan Coast Guard boat, murdering the crew
of 10 men. The Navy jets also attacked a larger Libyan Coast Guard ship. 42 men of the
crew escaped into the water and attempted to swim to shore. The U.S. Navy pilots
slaughtered them all in the water.
April 4, 1986 While on a victory tour of the aircraft carrier
"Enterprise", stationed off the coast of Oman, Vice President George Bush
characterized the U.S. Sixth Fleet's terror campaign against Libya as "a tough lesson
for Qadhafi" which had given him a "nosebleed." The brainwashed morons of
the crew cheered.
Eleven days later, over 100 people lay dead in Tripoli and Benghazi including a
little two-year-old girl. Murdered by these American heros.
1988
U.S. Navy Mass-Murder of Civilian Iranian Airline Passengers
Known civilian deaths: 290 people
From the WSWS article:
"Pan Am Flight 103: Trial opens of Libyans accused of Lockerbie bombing"
By Steve James
6 May 2000
On July 3, 1988 the U.S. Navy warship the Vincennes was operating within Iranian waters,
providing military support for Iraq in the ongoing Iran/Iraq war. During a one-sided
battle against a small number of lightly armed Iranian gunboats, the Vincennes fired two
missiles at (an Iranian) Airbus, which was on a routine civilian flight. All 290 civilians
onboard were killed.
This act of mass murder by the U.S. has never resulted in any court case. The captain and
crew of the Vincennes were militarily decorated. Attempts by relatives of the victims to
bring legal action against the American government were rejected by the US Supreme Court
in 1993. Despite the fact that the vast majority of victims were Iranian, the US paid $2.9
million in compensation only to non-Iranian victims of the shooting.
"I will never apologize for the United States of America I don't care what the
facts are."
President George Bush, Sr.
referring to the mass-murder
of Iranian civilian people
by the U.S.S. Vincennes
1979 1984
American Subversion and Invasion of tiny Grenada
Estimated civilian deaths: several hundred people
How impoverished, small, weak or far away must a country be before it is not a threat to
the U.S. government? In a 1979 coup, Maurice Bishop and his followers had taken power in
this island country of 110 thousand, and though their actual policies were not as
revolutionary as Castro's, Washington was again driven by its fear of "another
Cuba," particularly when public appearances by the Grenadian leaders in other
countries of the region met with great enthusiasm.
Reagan administration destabilization tactics against the Bishop government began soon
after the coup, featuring outrageous disinformation and deception. Finally came the
invasion in October 1983, which put into power individuals more beholden to U.S. foreign
policy objectives. The U.S. suffered 135 killed or wounded; there were also some 400
Grenadian casualties, and 84 Cubans, mainly construction workers. The invasion was
attended by yet more transparent lies, created by Washington to justify its gross
violations of international law.
(Added note: This invasion was not attented, however, by newsreporters. The 1983 invasion
of Grenada was the first major American military assault in which newsreporters were
barred from being present. The U.S. government didn't want the world to witness the great
superpower beating up on a tiny island and murdering its civilian inhabitants.)
At the end of 1984, a questionable election was held which was won by a man supported by
the Reagan administration. One year later, the human rights organization, Council on
Hemispheric Affairs, reported that Grenada's new U.S.-trained police force and
counter-insurgency forces had acquired a reputation for brutality, arbitrary arrest, and
abuse of authority, and were eroding civil rights.
In April 1989, the government issued a list of more than 80 books which were prohibited
from being imported. Four months later, the prime minister suspended parliament to
forestall a threatened no-confidence vote resulting from what his critics called "an
increasingly authoritarian style."
1964 1974
American-backed Subversion, Mass-Murder, Torture and Overthrow of Democracy in Greece
Estimated civilian deaths: over 10,000 people
The military coup took place in April 1967, just two days before the campaign for national
elections was to begin, elections which appeared certain to bring the veteran liberal
leader George Papandreou back as prime minister. Papandreou had been elected in February
1964 with the only outright majority in the history of modern Greek elections. The
successful machinations to unseat him had begun immediately, a joint effort of the Royal
Court, the Greek military, and the American military and CIA stationed in Greece.
The 1967 coup was followed immediately by the traditional martial law, censorship,
arrests, beatings, torture, and killings, the victims totaling some 8,000 in the first
month. This was accompanied by the equally traditional declaration that this was all being
done to save the nation from a "Communist takeover." Corrupting and subversive
influences in Greek life were to be removed. Among these were miniskirts, long hair, and
foreign newspapers; church attendance for the young would be compulsory.
It was torture, however, which most indelibly marked the seven-year Greek nightmare. James
Becket, an American attorney sent to Greece by Amnesty International, wrote in December
1969 that "a conservative estimate would place at not less than two thousand"
the number of people tortured, usually in the most gruesome of ways, often with equipment
supplied by the United States.
Becket reported the following: Hundreds of prisoners have listened to the little speech
given by Inspector Basil Lambrou, who sits behind his desk which displays the red, white,
and blue clasped-hand symbol of American aid. He tries to show the prisoner the absolute
futility of resistance:
"You make yourself ridiculous by thinking you can do anything. The world is divided
in two. There are the communists on that side and on this side the free world. The
Russians and the Americans, no one else. What are we? Americans. Behind me there is the
government, behind the government is NATO, behind NATO is the U.S. You can't fight us, we
are Americans."
George Papandreou was not any kind of radical. He was a liberal anti-Communist type. But
his son Andreas, the heir-apparent, while only a little to the left of his father had not
disguised his wish to take Greece out of the Cold War, and had questioned remaining in
NATO, or at least as a satellite of the United States.
1964 1973
American-backed Overthrow of the Democratic Government of Chile
Estimated civilian deaths: over 5000 people from the subsequent Pinochet terror campaign;
at least 1000 people missing and presumed dead
[Marxist President] Salvador Allende was the worst possible scenario for a Washington
imperialist, [who] could imagine only one thing worse than a Marxist in power an
elected Marxist in power, who honored the constitution, and became increasingly popular.
This shook the very foundation stones on which the anti-Communist tower was built: the
doctrine, painstakingly cultivated for decades, that "communists" can take power
only through force and deception, that they can retain that power only through terrorizing
and brainwashing the population.
After sabotaging Allende's electoral endeavor in 1964, and failing to do so in 1970,
despite their best efforts, the CIA and the rest of the American foreign policy machine
left no stone unturned in their attempt to destabilize the Allende government over the
next three years, paying particular attention to building up military hostility. Finally,
in September 1973, the military overthrew the government, Allende dying in the process.
They closed the country to the outside world for a week, while the tanks rolled and the
soldiers broke down doors; the stadiums rang with the sounds of execution and the bodies
piled up along the streets and floated in the river; the torture centers opened for
business; the subversive books were thrown into bonfires; soldiers slit the trouser legs
of women, shouting that "In Chile women wear dresses!"; the poor returned to
their natural state; and the men of the world in Washington and in the halls of
international finance opened up their check-books. In the end, more than 3,000 had been
executed, thousands more tortured or disappeared.
In the bloody coup of September 11, 1973, Henry Kissinger and the CIA helped General
Augusto Pinochet overthrow the democratically-elected leftist government of President
Salvador Allende. The Fascist puppet-regime of Augusto Pinochet then embarked on a 17-year
terror campaign against the people of Chile, which included mass arrests and executions,
death squads, torture and disappearances. Many of the victims were fingered as
"radicals" by lists provided by the CIA.
Santiago's national stadium was used as a mass execution site. Robert Saldias, the first
army officer to come forward publicly without concealing his identity, said prisoners
entering the stadium were identified by yellow, black, and red discs. "Whoever
received a red disc had no chance," Saldias said.
Many of the professional torturers and assassins in the Chilean military (and in every
other Fascist country of Central and South America) were trained at the School of the
Americas, in Fort Benning, Georgia.
Under Pinochet, Chile also participated in "Operation Condor," a joint
collaboration between the U.S.-backed dictatorships of Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay
and Brazil to hunt down and murder exiled opponents of those regimes. Successful hits
included the 1976 car-bomb explosion in Washington D.C., which killed Allende's exiled
foreign minister Orlando Letelier, and his aide, American Ronnie Moffitt.
"I don't see why we need to stand by and watch a country go communist because of the
irresponsibility of its own people."
Henry Kissinger
1970
referring to Chilean voters
Mid-1950s, 1970-71
American Assassination Attempts on the Elected Leader of Costa Rica
To liberal American political leaders, President Jose Figueres was the quintessential
"liberal democrat", the kind of statesman they liked to think, and liked the
world to think, was the natural partner of US foreign policy rather than the military
dictators who somehow kept popping up as allies.
Yet the United States tried to overthrow Figueres (in the 1950s, and perhaps also in the
1970s, when he was again president), and tried to assassinate him twice. The reasons?
Figueres was not tough enough on the left, led Costa Rica to become the first country in
Central America to establish diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union and Eastern
Europe, and on occasion questioned American foreign policy, like the Bay of Pigs invasion.
1963 1966
American Subversion and Tyranny in the Dominican Republic
In February 1963, Juan Bosch took office as the first democratically elected president of
the Dominican Republic since 1924. Here at last was John F. Kennedy's liberal
anti-Communist, to counter the charge that the U.S. supported only military dictatorships.
Bosch's government was to be the long sought "showcase of democracy " that would
put the lie to Fidel Castro. He was given the grand treatment in Washington shortly before
he took office.
Bosch was true to his beliefs. He called for land reform, low-rent housing, modest
nationalization of business, and foreign investment provided it was not excessively
exploitative of the country and other policies making up the program of any liberal Third
World leader serious about social change. He was likewise serious about civil liberties:
Communists, or those labeled as such, were not to be persecuted unless they actually
violated the law.
A number of American officials and congresspeople expressed their discomfort with Bosch's
plans, as well as his stance of independence from the United States. Land reform and
nationalization are always touchy issues in Washington, the stuff that "creeping
socialism" is made of. In several quarters of the U.S. press Bosch was red-baited.
In September, the military boots marched. Bosch was out. The United States, which could
discourage a military coup in Latin America with a frown, did nothing.
Nineteen months later, a revolt broke out which promised to put the exiled Bosch back into
power. The United States sent 23,000 troops to help crush it.
1945 1974
American Genocide of the Vietnamese People
Estimated total civilian deaths: 2,500,000 3,500,000 people
The slippery slope began with the US siding with the French, the former colonizers, and
with collaborators with the Japanese, against Ho Chi Minh and his followers, who had
worked closely with the Allied war effort and admired all things American.
Ho Chi Minh was, after all, some kind of "communist" (one of those bad-for-you
label warnings).
He had written numerous letters to President Truman and the State Department asking for
America's help in winning Vietnamese independence from the French and finding a peaceful
solution for his country. All his entreaties were ignored. For he was some kind of
communist.
Ho Chi Minh modeled the new Vietnamese declaration of independence on the American,
beginning it with "All men are created equal. They are endowed by their Creator
with..." But this would count for nothing in Washington. Ho Chi Minh was some kind of
communist.
More than twenty years and more than a million dead later, the United States withdrew its
military forces from Vietnam. Most people believe that the US lost the war. But by
destroying Vietnam to its core, by poisoning the earth, the water and the gene pool for
generations, Washington had in fact achieved its primary purpose: preventing what might
have been the rise of a good development option for Asia. Ho Chi Minh was, after all, some
kind of communist.
1955 1973
American Genocide of the Cambodian People
Estimated total civilian deaths: 1,000,000 2,000,000 people
Prince Sihanouk was yet another leader who did not fancy being an American client. After
many years of hostility toward his regime, including assassination plots and the infamous
Nixon/Kissinger secret "carpet bombings" of 1969-70, Washington finally
overthrew Sihanouk in a coup in 1970. This was all that was needed to impel Pol Pot and
his Khmer Rouge forces to enter the fray. Five years later, they took power. But the years
of American bombing had caused Cambodia's traditional economy to vanish. The old Cambodia
had been destroyed forever.
Incredibly, the Khmer Rouge were to inflict even greater misery upon this unhappy land.
And to multiply the irony, the United States supported Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge after
their subsequent defeat by the Vietnamese.
1957 1973
American Genocide of the Laotian People
Estimated total civilian deaths: over 500,000 people
The Laotian left, led by the Pathet Lao, tried to effect social change peacefully, making
significant electoral gains and taking part in coalition governments. But the United
States would have none of that.
The CIA and the State Department, through force, bribery and other pressures, engineered
coups in 1958, 1959 and 1960. Eventually, the only option left for the Pathet Lao was
armed force.
The CIA created its famous "Arme Clandestine" totaling 30,000, from every
corner of Asia to do battle, while the US Air Force, between 1965 and 1973, rained
down more than two million tons of bombs upon the people of Laos, many of whom were forced
to live in caves for years in a desperate attempt to escape the monsters falling from the
sky.
After hundreds of thousands had been killed, many more maimed, and countless bombed
villages with hardly stone standing upon stone, the Pathet Lao took control of the
country, following on the heels of events in Vietnam.
1965 1973
American Tyranny and Terrorization of the People of Thailand
While using the country to facilitate its daily bombings of Vietnam and Laos, the US
military took the time to try to suppress insurgents who were fighting for economic
reform, an end to police repression and in opposition to the mammoth US military presence,
with its huge airbases, piers, barracks, road building and other major projects, which
appeared to be taking the country apart and taking it over.
Eventually, the American military personnel count in Thailand reached 40,000, with those
engaged in the civil conflict including 365 Green Beret forces officially
designated as "advisers", as they were in Vietnam.
To fight the guerillas, the US financed, armed, equipped and trained police and military
units in counter-insurgency, significantly increasing their numbers; transported
government forces by helicopter to combat areas; were present in the field as well, as
battalion advisers and sometimes accompanied Thai soldiers on anti-guerrilla sweeps.
In addition, the Americans instituted considerable propaganda and psychological warfare
activities, and actually encouraged the Thai government to adopt a more forceful response.
However, the conflict in Thailand, and the US role, never approached the dimensions of
Vietnam.
In 1966, the Washington Post reported that "In the view of some observers, continued
dictatorship in Thailand suits the United States, since it assures a continuation of
American bases in the country and that, as a US official put it bluntly, 'is our real
interest in this place.'"
1947 1970s
American Perversion of Democracy in Italy
In 1947, the US forced the Italian government to dismiss its Communist and Socialist
cabinet members in order to receive American economic aid. The following year and for
decades thereafter, each time a combined front of the Communists and Socialists, or the
Communists alone, threatened to defeat the US-supported Christian Democrats in national
elections, the CIA used every (dirty) trick in the book and trained its big economic,
political and psychological-warfare guns on the Italian people, while covertly funding the
CD candidates.
And it worked. Again and again. This perversion of democracy was done in the name of
"saving democracy" in Italy.
American corporations also contributed many millions of dollars to help keep the left from
a share of power.
1965
American-backed Genocide of the Indonesian People
Estimated civilian deaths: 500,000 1,000,000 people
A complex series of events, involving a supposed coup attempt, a counter-coup, and perhaps
a counter-counter-coup, with American fingerprints apparent at various points, resulted in
the ouster from power of Sukarno and his replacement by a military coup led by General
Suharto. The massacre that began immediately of Communists, Communist sympathizers,
suspected Communists, suspected Communist sympathizers, and none of the above was
called by the New York Times "one of the most savage mass slayings of modern
political history." The estimates of the number killed in the course of a few years
begin at half a million and go above a million.
It was later learned that the U.S. embassy had compiled lists of "Communist"
operatives, from top echelons down to village cadres, as many as 5,000 names, and turned
them over to the army, which then hunted those persons down and killed them. The Americans
would then check off the names of those who had been killed or captured.
"It really was a big help to the army. They probably killed a lot of people, and I
probably have a lot of blood on my hands," said one U.S. diplomat. "But that's
not all bad. There's a time when you have to strike hard at a decisive moment. "
Added note: To this day, Indonesia's military and police forces continue to be one of
America's best customers for weapons, training, and torture devices.
1961 1964
American-backed State Terrorism and Overthrow of Democracy in Brazil
President Joao Goulart was guilty of the usual crimes: He took an independent stand in
foreign policy, resuming relations with socialist countries and opposing sanctions against
Cuba; his administration passed a law limiting the amount of profits multinationals could
transmit outside the country; a subsidiary of ITT was nationalized; he promoted economic
and social reforms. And Attorney-General Robert Kennedy was uneasy about Goulart allowing
"communists" to hold positions in government agencies.
Yet the man was no radical. He was a millionaire land-owner and a Catholic who wore a
medal of the Virgin around his neck. That, however, was not enough to save him. In 1964,
he was overthrown in a military coup which had deep, covert American involvement. The
official Washington line was...yes, it's unfortunate that democracy has been overthrown in
Brazil...but, still, the country has been saved from communism.
For the next 15 years, all the features of military dictatorship that Latin America has
come to know were instituted: Congress was shut down, political opposition was reduced to
virtual extinction, habeas corpus for "political crimes" was suspended,
criticism of the president was forbidden by law, labor unions were taken over by
government interveners, mounting protests were met by police and military firing into
crowds, peasants' homes were burned down, priests were brutalized...disappearances, death
squads, a remarkable degree and depravity of torture...the government had a name for its
program: the "moral rehabilitation" of Brazil.
Washington was very pleased. Brazil broke relations with Cuba and became one of the United
States' most reliable allies in Latin America.
1953 1964
American/British Overthrow of the Democratically-Elected President of Guyana
For 11 years, two of the oldest democracies in the world, Great Britain and the United
States, went to great lengths to prevent a democratically elected leader from occupying
his office. Cheddi Jagan was another Third World leader who tried to remain neutral and
independent. He was elected three times. Although a leftist-more so than Sukarno or Arbenz
his policies in office were not revolutionary. But he was still a marked man, for
he represented Washington's greatest fear: building a society that might be a successful
example of an alternative to the capitalist model. Using a wide variety of tactics
from general strikes and disinformation to terrorism and British legalisms, the U. S. and
Britain finally forced Jagan out in 1964. John F. Kennedy had given a direct order for his
ouster, as, presumably, had Eisenhower.
One of the better-off countries in the region under Jagan, Guyana, by the 1980s, was one
of the poorest. Its principal export became people.
1963
American/British Assassination of the Leader of Iraq
In July 1958, Gen. Abdul Karim Kassem overthrew the monarchy and established a republic.
Though somewhat of a reformist, he was by no means any kind of radical. His action,
however, awakened revolutionary fervor in the masses and increased the influence of the
Iraqi Communist Party.
By April of the following year, CIA Director Allen Dulles, with his customary hyperbole,
was telling Congress that the Iraqi Communists were close to a "complete
takeover" and the situation in that country was "the most dangerous in the world
today". In actuality, Kassem aimed at being a neutralist in the Cold War and pursued
rather inconsistent policies toward the Iraqi Communists, never allowing them formal
representation in his cabinet, nor even full legality, though they strongly desired both.
He tried to maintain power by playing the Communists off against other ideological groups.
A secret plan for a joint US-Turkish invasion of the country was drafted by the United
States Joint Chiefs of Staff shortly after the 1958 coup. Reportedly, only Soviet threats
to intercede on Iraq's side forced Washington to hold back. But in 1960, the United States
began to fund the Kurdish guerrillas in Iraq who were fighting for a measure of autonomy
and the CIA undertook an assassination attempt against Kassem, which was unsuccessful.
The Iraqi leader made himself even more of a marked man when, in that same year, he began
to help create the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), which challenged
the stranglehold Western oil companies had on the marketing of Arab oil; and in 1962 he
created a national oil company to exploit the nation's oil.
In February 1963, Kassem told the French daily, Le Monde, that he had received a note from
Washington "in terms scarcely veiled, calling upon me to change my attitude,
under threat of sanctions against Iraq... All our trouble with the imperialists [the US
and the UK] began the day we claimed our legitimate rights to Kuwait." (Kuwait was a
key element in US and UK hegemonic designs over mid-east oil.)
A few days after Kassem's remarks were published, he was overthrown in a coup and
summarily executed; thousands of communists were killed.
The State Department soon informed the press that it was pleased that the new regime would
respect international agreements and was not interested in nationalizing the giant Iraq
Petroleum Co., of which the US was a major owner. The new government, at least for the
time being, also cooled its claim to Kuwait.
Papers of the British cabinet of 1963, later declassified, disclose that the coup had been
backed by the British and the CIA.
Added note: For the coup of 1963 the British MI6 and the CIA hired a young Iraqi man in
Cairo to do their dirty work and help them destroy the Iraqi Communist Party. That man's
name: Saddam Hussein.
For the next 27 years, the CIA's boy in Baghdad murdered hundreds of thousands of Iraqi
leftists. Countless people were jailed and tortured. Saddam Hussein started the bloody war
with Iran with the blessing of President Jimmy "Human Rights" Carter. The U.S.
government wanted to punish Iranians for taking American hostages at the embassy in Tehran
and overthrowing the brutal Shah, a long-time CIA puppet. The U.S. also supplied Hussein
with the chemical and biological weapons he used on the Iranians and on Kurdish villagers.
1940s 1960s
American Assassination, Sabotage and Subversion Within the Soviet Union
The US infiltrated many hundreds of Russian emigres into the Soviet Union to gather
intelligence about military and technological installations; commit assassinations; obtain
current samples of identification documents; assist Western agents to escape; engage in
sabotage, such as derailing trains, wrecking bridges, actions against arms factories and
power plants; or instigate armed political struggle against Communist rule by linking up
with resistance movements.
There was also a mammoth CIA anti-Soviet propaganda campaign, highlighted by the covert
publishing of well over a thousand books in English, a number by well-known authors, which
were distributed all over the world, as well as hundreds in foreign languages.
1950s 1960s
American Intrigue & Subversion in Western Europe
For two decades, the CIA used dozens of American foundations, charitable trusts and the
like, including a few of its own creation, as conduits for payments to all manner of
organizations in Western Europe.
The beneficiaries of this largesse were political parties, magazines, news agencies,
journalists' and other unions, labor organizations, student and youth groups, lawyers'
associations and other enterprises, all ostensibly independent, but nonetheless serving
Washington's Cold-War, anti-communist, anti-socialist agenda an agenda which also
included a militarized and united Western Europe, allied to (and dominated by) the United
States, and support for the Common Market and NATO, all part of the bulwark against the
supposed Soviet threat.
1959
American Support of Dictatorship in Haiti
The US military mission, in Haiti to train the troops of noted dictator Francois Duvalier,
used its air, sea and ground power to smash an attempt to overthrow Duvalier by a small
group of Haitians, aided by some Cubans and other Latin Americans.
1957 1958
American Subversion in Indonesia
Indonesia's Sukarno, like Egypt's Gamel Abdul Nasser, was the kind of Third World leader
the United States could not abide by: a nationalist who was serving the wrong national
interest. He took neutralism in the Cold War seriously, making trips to the Soviet Union
and China as well as to the White House. He nationalized many private holdings of the
Dutch, the former colonial power.
And he refused to crack down on the Indonesian Communist Party, which was walking the
legal, peaceful road and making impressive gains electorally. Such policies could easily
give other Third World leaders "wrong ideas".
Thus it was that the CIA began throwing money into the elections, plotted Sukarno's
assassination, tried to blackmail him with a phoney sex film, and joined forces with
dissident military officers to wage a full-scale war against the government, including
bombing runs by American pilots.
Sukarno survived it all.
1956 1958
American Tyranny in the Middle East
The Eisenhower Doctrine stated that the United States "is prepared to use armed
forces to assist" any Middle Eastern country "requesting assistance against
armed aggression from any country controlled by international communism".
The English translation of this was that no one would be allowed to dominate, or have
excessive influence over, the Middle East and its oil fields except the United States, and
that anyone who tried would be, by definition, "communist".
In keeping with this policy, the United States twice attempted to overthrow the Syrian
government, staged several shows-of-force in the Mediterranean to intimidate movements
opposed to US-supported governments in Jordan and Lebanon, landed 14,000 troops in
Lebanon, and conspired to overthrow or assassinate Nasser of Egypt and his troublesome
Middle-East nationalism.
1953
American/British Overthrow of Democracy in Iran
Prime Minister Mossadegh was overthrown in a joint US-British operation. Mossadegh had
been elected to his position by a large majority of parliament, but he had made the
fateful mistake of spearheading the movement to nationalize a British-owned oil company,
the sole oil company operating in Iran.
The coup restored the Shah to absolute power, initiating a period of 25 years of
repression and torture, while the oil industry was restored to foreign ownership, with the
US and Britain each getting 40 percent.
1950s
American/NATO Terrorism in Germany, Italy and All of Europe
The CIA orchestrated a wide-ranging campaign of sabotage, terrorism, dirty tricks and
psychological warfare against East Germany. This was one of the factors which led to the
building of the Berlin Wall in 1961.
The United States also created a secret civilian army in Germany, which drew up a list of
200 leading Social Democrats, 15 Communists and various others who were to be "put
out of the way" if the Soviet Union invaded. This secret army had its counterparts
all over Western Europe as part of "Operation Gladio", developed by the CIA and
other intelligence services, and not answerable for its actions under the laws of any
state.
After NATO was formed in 1949, Gladio came under its discreet aegis.
"Gladiators" were responsible for numerous acts of terrorism in Europe, foremost
of which was the bombing of the Bologna railway station in 1980, claiming 86 lives.
The purpose of the terrorism was to place the blame for these atrocities on the left and
thus heighten public concern about a Soviet invasion and at the same time discredit
leftist electoral candidates. NATO feared that if the left came to power in the government
of any of its members, they might pass legislation that would be a threat to the NATO
installations or operations in that country.
1948 1956
American Subversion in Eastern Europe
Allen Dulles, Director of the CIA, in a remarkable chess game, instigated a high Polish
security official, Jozef Swiatlo, to use a controversial American, Noel Field, to spread
paranoia amongst the security establishments of Eastern Europe, leading to countless purge
trials, hundreds of thousands of imprisonments and at least hundreds of deaths.
1949 1953
American/British Subversion in Albania
By infiltrating emigre guerrillas into the country, the US and Britain tried to overthrow
the communist government and install a new one that would have been pro-Western, albeit
composed largely of monarchists and (former) collaborators with Italian fascists and
Nazis. Hundreds of the emigres lost their lives or were imprisoned.
1945 1953
American Terrorism and Genocide of the Korean People
Estimated civilian deaths: over 1,000,000
After World War II, the United States suppressed popular progressive organizations, who
had been allies in the war at times with brutal force in favor of the
conservatives who had collaborated with the Japanese.
As a result, the best opportunities to unify North and South were derailed. This led to a
long era of corrupt, reactionary and ruthless governments in the South and the huge,
war-crime filled American military intervention of 1950-53 in the "Korean War",
which was far from the simple affair of North Korea invading South Korea on a particular
day, which the world has been led to believe.
In 1999, we learned that shortly after the war began, American soldiers machine-gunned
hundreds of helpless civilians; amongst many other such incidents, hundreds were killed
when the US purposely blew up bridges they were crossing.
1945 1953
American Subversion in the Philippines
The US military fought against the leftist Huk forces even while the Huks were still
fighting against the Japanese invaders in the world war.
After the war, the US organized Philippine armed forces to continue the fight against the
Huks, finally defeating them and their reform movement. The CIA interfered grossly in
elections, installing a series of puppets as president, culminating in the long
dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos, for whom torture was "la specialite de la
maison" .
1947 1949
American Tyranny and Subversion in Greece
The United States intervened in a civil war, taking the side of the neo-fascists against
the Greek left, who had fought the Nazis courageously.
The neo-fascists won and instituted a highly brutal regime, for which the CIA created a
suitably repressive internal security agency [called KYP]. For the next 15 years, Greece
was looked upon much as a piece of real estate to be developed according to Washington's
needs.
... KYP [carried] out all the endearing practices of secret police everywhere, including
systematic torture. It was most active during the military junta, 1967-74, a period of
routine horrific torture.
1946 1958
American Nuclear Poisoning of the Homeland of the Marshall Islands People
Driven by perceived Cold War exigencies, the United States conducted dozens of ICBM,
nuclear bomb and other nuclear tests on this trust territory in the Pacific, after forcing
the residents of certain islands, notably Bikini Atoll, to relocate to other, uninhabited
islands.
In 1968, the former residents of Bikini were told by the Johnson administration that their
island had been cleaned and was safe for habitation. Many went back, only to be told later
that they had been subjected to massive doses of radiation and would have to leave again.
In 1983, the US Interior Department declared that the islanders could return to their
homes immediately provided they ate no home-grown food until the late 21st century.
They have never returned.
1947 1948
American Subversion of Democracy in Italy
Using every trick in the book, the U.S. interfered in the elections to prevent the
Communist Party from coming to power legally and fairly. This perversion of democracy was
done in the name of "saving democracy" in Italy. The Communists lost. For the
next few decades, the CIA, along with American corporations, continued to intervene in
Italian elections, pouring in hundreds of millions of dollars and much psychological
warfare to block the specter that was haunting Europe.
1947
American Subversion of Democracy in France
Communist Party members had fought in the wartime resistance, unlike many other French who
had collaborated with the Germans. After the war the Communists followed the legal path to
form strong labor unions and vie for political office.
But the United States was determined to deny them their place at the table, particularly
since some unions were taking steps to impede the flow of arms to French forces seeking to
reconquer their former colony of Vietnam with US aid.
The US funneled very large amounts of money to the Socialist Party, the Communists' chief
rival; sent in American Federation of Labor (AFL) experts to subvert the CP's union
dominance and import scabs from Italy; supplied arms and money to Corsican gangs to break
up Communist strikes, burn down party offices and beat up and murder party members and
strikers; sent in a psychological warfare team to complement all of these actions and used
the threat of a cutoff of food aid and other aid... all to seriously undermine Communist
Party support and prestige. It worked.
A portion of the financing for these covert operations came from the funds of the Marshall
Plan, which also helped finance the corruption of the Italian elections of 1948 (see
above), and set up a special covert operations agency which later melded into the CIA.
These are a few of the hidden sides of the Marshall Plan, which has long been held up to
the world as a shining example of America's "unselfish benevolence."
At the same time, Washington was forcing the French government to dismiss its Communist
ministers in order to receive American economic aid. Said Premier Paul Ramadier: "A
little of our independence is departing from us with each loan we obtain."
1945 1951
American Betrayal and Subversion in China
At the close of World War II, the US intervened in a civil war, taking the side of Chiang
Kai-shek's Nationalists against Mao Tse-tung's Communists, even though the latter had been
a much closer ally of the United States in the war. To compound the irony, the US used
defeated Japanese soldiers to fight for its side.
After their defeat in 1949, many Nationalist soldiers took refuge in northern Burma, where
the CIA regrouped them, brought in other recruits from elsewhere in Asia, and provided a
large supply of heavy arms and planes. During the early 1950s, this army proceeded to
carry out a number of incursions into China, involving at times thousands of troops,
accompanied by CIA advisers (some of whom were killed), and supplied by air drops from
American planes.
August 1945
American Nuclear Genocide of the People of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Estimated civilian deaths: 150,000 people instantly; hundreds of thousands more by the
slow, horrible death of radiation poisoning.
The ruthless annihilation of hundreds of thousands of civilian men, women and children in
Nagasaki and Hiroshima is the most infamous example of American state terrorism.
The two cities were not military targets, as President Truman and others claimed. Those
150,000 people murdered in Hiroshima and Nagasaki were almost all civilians. And the
United States terrorist government knew it.
The U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey said in its official report:
"Hiroshima and Nagasaki were chosen as targets because of their concentration of
activities and population."
Contrary also to the persistent lies of politicians to this day, the bombing was
militarily unnecessary. Japan was in fact ready to surrender. Even if they hadn't
surrendered an invasion would definitely not have cost anywhere near the "1 million
American lives" claimed by politicians. That figure was a total lie, simply invented
by politicians because they needed a dramatic excuse for their nuclear terrorism. People
all over the world were growing increasingly horrified as they discovered the evil that
Americans had done to hundreds of thousands of helpless civilian people.
An invasion would never have been needed. The fire-bombing of cities like Tokyo, in which
80,000 civilian people were burned alive in one night, had already reduced Japan to almost
total ruin. It was not possible for them to carry on with the war under any circumstances.
The U.S. government and military knew this perfectly well.
This appallingly inhuman act of genocide set the stage for American postwar foreign
policy:
Total ruthlessness
Total deception
Total hypocrisy
1942 1945
American Terror-Bombing of Civilian People in Japanese, German and French Cities
Estimated civilian deaths: 672,000 Japanese people; hundreds of thousands of German
people; thousands of French people
Quotes from A People's History of the United States
by Howard Zinn:
"The bombing of Japanese cities continued the strategy of saturation bombing to
destroy civilian morale; one nighttime fire-bombing of Tokyo took 80,000 lives."
Zinn points out in the book that "nighttime bombing" was by its very nature
indiscriminate, not aimed primarily at military targets.
The American fire-bombing of the civilians of Dresden, Germany also condemned tens of
thousands of men, women and children to horrible deaths.
Howard Zinn himself was a bombardier during WWII. He remembers bombing places like Pilsen,
Germany and Royan, France. Royan was a little town on the Atlantic coast near Bordeaux. In
an interview, Zinn recounts:
"There were a few thousand German soldiers holed up near this town, waiting for the
war to end, not doing anything, not bothering anybody. But we were going to destroy them.
....So we destroyed the town, the German soldiers, the French also who were there."
Twelve-hundred heavy bombers of the U.S. Army Air Force dropped napalm on all the people
of Royan.
Men, women and children.
Many years after the war, during a visit to Europe, Zinn ran into a man and woman from
Pilsen. He says:
"Hesitantly, I told them that I had been in one of the crews that bombed Pilsen. They
said, 'When you finished, the streets were full of corpses, hundreds and hundreds of
people killed in that raid.'"
1900 1930s
American Terrorism and Tyranny Around the World
For the United States to step forward [in WWII] as a defender of helpless countries
matched its image in American high school history textbooks, but not its record in world
affairs.
It had instigated a war with Mexico and taken half of that country. It had pretended to
help Cuba win freedom from Spain, and then planted itself in Cuba with a military base,
investments, and rights of intervention. It had seized Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and
fought a brutal war to subjugate the Filipinos.
It had 'opened' Japan to its trade with gunboats and threats. It had declared an Open Door
Policy in China as a means of assuring that the United States would have opportunities
equal to other imperial powers in exploiting China. It had sent troops to Peking with
other nations, to assert Western supremacy in China, and kept them there for over thirty
years.
While demanding an Open Door in China, it had insisted (with the Monroe Doctrine and many
military interventions) on a Closed Door in Latin America that is, closed to
everyone but the United States. It had engineered a revolution against Colombia and
created the 'independent' state of Panama in order to build and control the Canal.
It sent five thousand marines to Nicaragua in 1926 to counter a revolution, and kept a
force there for seven years. It intervened in the Dominican Republic for the fourth time
in 1916 and kept troops there for eight years. It intervened for the second time in Haiti
in 1915 and kept troops there for nineteen years.
Between 1900 and 1933, the United States intervened in Cuba four times, in Nicaragua
twice, in Panama six times, in Guatemala once, in Honduras seven times. By 1924 the
finances of half of the twenty Latin American states were being directed to some extent by
the United States. By 1935, over half of U.S. steel and cotton exports were being sold in
Latin America.
And in every single case, these interventions were for the purpose of crushing popular
revolts against the tyranny of the puppet governments the United States had installed in
hapless countries around the world. Perhaps we'll never know how many innocent men, women
and children were murdered during all these "interventions."
1899 1902
American Genocide of the Philippine People
Estimated civilian deaths: 200,000 people
In 1898 the United States went to war with Spain, taking over the Philippines. America
defeated Spain with the help of our allies, the brave Filipino nationalist guerrillas.
The U.S. government had promised independence to them. The U.S. government lied.
From A People's History of the United States
by Howard Zinn:
In February 1899, the Filipinos rose in revolt against American rule. It took 70,000
American soldiers, marines and sailors three years to brutally crush the rebellion. The
death toll of Filipinos was enormous, both from battle casualties and disease.
In Manila, a United States Marine named Littletown Waller, a major, was accused of
shooting eleven defenseless Filipinos, without trial, on the island of Samar. Other marine
officers described his testimony:
"The major said that General Smith instructed him to kill and burn, and said that the
more he killed and burned the better pleased he would be; that it was no time to take
prisoners, and that he was to make Samar a howling wilderness.
"Major Waller asked General Smith to define the age limit for killing, and he replied
'Everything over ten.'"
In the province of Batangas, the secretary of the province estimated that of the
population of 300,000, one third had been killed by combat, famine, or disease.
American firepower was overwhelmingly superior to anything the Filipino rebels could put
together. In the very first battle, Admiral Dewey steamed up the Pasig River and fired
500-pound shells into the Filipino trenches. Dead Filipinos were piled so high that the
Americans used their bodies for breastworks.
A British witness said:
"This is not war; it is simply massacre and murderous butchery."
Hearing of this American genocide, Mark Twain suggested we replace the stars and stripes
in our flag with the skull and crossbones.
That remains a very good idea. At least it would be "truth in advertising."
Twain said further:
"We have pacified some thousands of the islanders and buried them; destroyed their
fields; burned their villages, and turned their widows and orphans out-of-doors; furnished
heartbreak by exile to some dozens of disagreeable patriots; subjugated the remaining ten
millions by Benevolent Assimilation, which is the pious new name of the musket; we have
acquired property in the three hundred concubines and other slaves of our business
partner, the Sultan of Sulu, and hoisted our protecting flag over that swag.
"And so, by these Providences of God and the phrase is the government's, not
mine we are a World Power."
Thus began "The American Century," consecrated in the blood of civilian men,
women, and children. With much more to follow.